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<title>Humid Chaco</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Humid Chaco</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Humid Chaco</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Near <a href="Resistencia%2C_Chaco" title="Resistencia, Chaco">Resistencia, Chaco</a>, Northeastern <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Ecology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Biogeographic_realm" title="Biogeographic realm">Realm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Neotropical_realm" title="Neotropical realm">Neotropical</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="Biome" title="Biome">Biome</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Borders</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;">

<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Argentine_Espinal" title="Argentine Espinal">Argentine Espinal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Alto_Paran%C3%A1_Atlantic_forests" title="Alto Paraná Atlantic forests">Alto Paraná Atlantic forests</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Dry_Chaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry Chaco">Dry Chaco</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Paran%C3%A1_flooded_savanna" title="Paraná flooded savanna">Paraná flooded savanna</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="Southern_Cone_Mesopotamian_savanna" title="Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna">Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">291,596 km<sup>2</sup> (112,586 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li><li><a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>,</li><li><a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li><li><a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cde5b2;">Conservation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Protected</th><td class="infobox-data">35,949 km² (12%)<sup id="cite_ref-Dinerstein_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinerstein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Humid Chaco</b> (<a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i>Chaco Húmedo</i> or <i>Chaco Oriental</i>) is a <a href="Tropical_and_subtropical_grasslands%2C_savannas%2C_and_shrublands" title="Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">tropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a> <a href="Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a> in <a href="South_America" title="South America">South America</a>. It lies in the basin of the <a href="Paran%C3%A1_River" title="Paraná River">Paraná River</a>, covering portions of central <a href="Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> and northern <a href="Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, and with a small portion of southwestern <a href="Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> and northwestern <a href="Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. The natural vegetation is a mosaic of grasslands, palm savanna, and forest.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div>

<p>The Humid Chaco lies in the lowlands of the Paraná river and its tributaries, including the <a href="Paraguay_River" title="Paraguay River">Paraguay River</a>. It is bounded on the west by the <a href="Dry_Chaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Dry Chaco">Dry Chaco</a>, a semi-arid region of dry forests and savannas. The <a href="Alto_Paran%C3%A1_Atlantic_forests" title="Alto Paraná Atlantic forests">Alto Paraná Atlantic forests</a> lie to the east, and the <a href="Cerrado" title="Cerrado">Cerrado</a> grasslands to the northeast. It borders on some large <a href="Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas" title="Flooded grasslands and savannas">flooded grasslands and savannas</a>, including the <a href="Paran%C3%A1_flooded_savanna" title="Paraná flooded savanna">Paraná flooded savanna</a> along the lower Paraná and Paraguay rivers, the <a href="Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a> to the north, and the <a href="Southern_Cone_Mesopotamian_savanna" title="Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna">Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna</a> to the southeast between the Paraná and <a href="Uruguay_River" title="Uruguay River">Uruguay</a> rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The topography is generally flat or gently rising, and the soils are mostly fine alluvium deposited by the area's rivers.

</p><p><a href="Asuncion" class="mw-redirect" title="Asuncion">Asuncion</a>, Paraguay's capital, lies in the ecoregion.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2></div>

<p>The climate is tropical, becoming subtropical towards the south. Average annual rainfall generally decreases towards the west, and ranges from 1,300 mm in the wetter eastern portions to 750 mm in the west near the transition to the Dry Chaco.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rainfall is highest in the summer months (January to April) and lowest in the winter months (June to August).

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora">Flora</h2></div>

<p>The flora is a mosaic of grassland, savanna, forests, and bogs. Grasslands and savannas are generally found on higher ground, and forests along streams and in river floodplains. Bogs form seasonally or year-round over impermeable soil layers.<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Grasslands are characterized by tall, coarse grass. Palm savannas are common, including the palm <i><a href="Copernicia_alba" title="Copernicia alba">Copernicia alba</a></i>.

</p><p>The most common trees in the forests are quebracho colorado (<i><a href="Schinopsis_balansae" title="Schinopsis balansae">Schinopsis balansae</a></i>) and quebracho blanco (<i><a href="Aspidosperma_quebracho-blanco" title="Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco">Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco</a></i>), together with guayacán (<i><a href="Caesalpinia_paraguariensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesalpinia paraguariensis">Caesalpinia paraguariensis</a></i>), espina corona (<i><a href="Gleditsia_amorphoides" title="Gleditsia amorphoides">Gleditsia amorphoides</a></i>), urunday (<i><a href="Myracrodruon_balansae" title="Myracrodruon balansae">Myracrodruon balansae</a></i>), viraró (<i>Ruprechtia laxiflora</i>), palo piedra (<i>Diplokeleba floribunda</i>), guayaibí (<i>Patagonula americana</i>), zapallo caspini (<i>Pisonia zapallo</i>), lapacho negro (<i><a href="Tabebuia_ipe" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabebuia ipe">Tabebuia ipe</a></i>), palo borracho del flor rosada (<i><a href="Chorisia_speciosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorisia speciosa">Chorisia speciosa</a></i>), and itin (<i><a href="Prosopis_kuntzei" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosopis kuntzei">Prosopis kuntzei</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2></div>

<p>Native mammals include <a href="Cougar" title="Cougar">puma</a> (<i>Puma concolor</i>), <a href="Jaguar" title="Jaguar">jaguar</a> (<i>Panthera onca</i>), <a href="Maned_wolf" title="Maned wolf">maned wolf</a> (<i>Chrysocyon brachyurus</i>), <a href="Red_brocket" title="Red brocket">red brocket</a> (<i>Mazama americana</i>), <a href="Gray_brocket" title="Gray brocket">gray brocket</a> (<i>Mazama gouazoubira</i>), <a href="Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">marsh deer</a> (<i>Blastocerus dichotomus</i>), <a href="Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">pampas deer</a> (<i>Ozotoceros bezoarticus</i>), <a href="White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">White-lipped peccary</a> (<i>Tayassu pecari</i>), <a href="Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">collared peccary</a> (<i>Tayassu tajacu</i>), <a href="Giant_anteater" title="Giant anteater">giant anteater</a> (<i>Mymercophaga tridactyla</i>), <a href="Capybara" title="Capybara">capybara</a> (<i>Hydrochaerys hydrochaeris</i>), <a href="Black_howler_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Black howler monkey">black howler monkey</a> (<i>Alouatta caraya</i>), and <a href="Azara%E2%80%99s_night_monkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Azara’s night monkey">Azara’s night monkey</a> (<i>Aotus azarae</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Birds species include the <a href="Greater_rhea" title="Greater rhea">greater rhea</a> or ñandú (<i>Rhea americana</i>), <a href="Undulated_tinamou" title="Undulated tinamou">undulated tinamou</a> (<i>Crypturellus undulatus</i>), <a href="Savanna_hawk" title="Savanna hawk">savanna hawk</a> (<i>Buteogallus meridionalis</i>), and <a href="Pale-crested_woodpecker" title="Pale-crested woodpecker">pale-crested woodpecker</a> (<i>Celeus lugubris</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-wwf_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Protected_areas">Protected areas</h2></div>

<p>A 2017 assessment found that 35,949 km², or 12%, of the ecoregion is in protected areas.<sup id="cite_ref-Dinerstein_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dinerstein-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Protected areas include <a href="Chaco_National_Park" title="Chaco National Park">Chaco National Park</a>, <a href="R%C3%ADo_Pilcomayo_National_Park" title="Río Pilcomayo National Park">Río Pilcomayo National Park</a>, and <a href="Mburucuy%C3%A1_National_Park" title="Mburucuyá National Park">Mburucuyá National Park</a> in Argentina, and <a href="Ypo%C3%A1_National_Park" title="Ypoá National Park">Ypoá National Park</a> in Paraguay. The <a href="Iber%C3%A1_Wetlands" title="Iberá Wetlands">Iberá Wetlands</a>, located in the southeast of the ecoregion adjacent to the <a href="Southern_Cone_Mesopotamian_savanna" title="Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna">Southern Cone Mesopotamian savanna</a>, are protected by Argentina's <a href="Iber%C3%A1_Provincial_Reserve" title="Iberá Provincial Reserve">Iberá Provincial Reserve</a> and <a href="Iber%C3%A1_National_Park" title="Iberá National Park">Iberá National Park</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; et al. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">534–</span>545, Supplemental material 2 table S1b. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a>. <a href="PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">5451287</a></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-wwf-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wwf_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0708">"Humid Chaco"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Humid_Chaco" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Humid Chaco">Humid Chaco</a></span>.</div></div>

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<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0708">"Humid Chaco"</a>. <i>Terrestrial Ecoregions</i>. World Wildlife Fund.</cite></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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